Two decades of cross-border capital flowing into Solar, Wind, Battery and Electric Vehicle manufacturing — the foreign direct investment now redrawing who builds the clean economy.
| Technology | Projects | With capital data | Avg size* | Total | JVs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Battery | 265 | 217 (82%) | $1,054M | $228.6B | 79 |
| Solar | 245 | 215 (88%) | $344M | $73.8B | 51 |
| Wind | 185 | 170 (92%) | $398M | $67.7B | 24 |
| EV | 231 | 213 (92%) | $979M | $208.6B | 59 |
Each section is a moment you can move through time. Press play or drag the year slider to sweep 2001–2026, and use the four technology pills to focus on Solar, Wind, Battery or EV.
Values are foreign direct investment in US$ millions. 12% of projects (111 of 926) are announced with value undisclosed. These read as $0 here, which is a gap in disclosure rather than a project without capital behind it. 853 of 926 projects are manufacturing; the rest are R&D, design and logistics. Figures on this page count every activity, so they sit on a wider basis than the working paper's manufacturing-only panels.
Annual flows climbed from under $0.1B in the early 2000s to multi-billion-dollar peaks in the 2020s. Across the full period, battery ($228.6B) and EV ($208.6B) lead, ahead of solar ($73.8B) and wind ($67.7B).
Across all tracked projects, manufacturing represents about 91% of activity (721 of 794 projects), with smaller shares in R&D, design & testing and logistics.
| Company | HQ | Country | City | Activity | Year | US$m | Status | Operational | JV |
|---|
| Company | JV Partner(s) | Type | Country | Sector | Year | US$m |
|---|
The United States ($102.5B) is the largest single destination, followed by China ($46.3B), Indonesia ($27.2B) and Hungary ($26.0B). Shading shows built and under-construction value; pins mark individual projects.
China originates about 39% of tracked cross-border investment; with South Korea (21%) and Japan (16%), three economies account for roughly three-quarters of all flows. The largest single corridors run from South Korea and Japan into the United States.
Since 2018, Indonesia added the most new projects (+35), followed by Malaysia (+27), Thailand (+25) and Vietnam (+24) — a cluster of Southeast Asian manufacturing hubs.